Control and coordination online mcq quiz
Control and coordination boostup points
Systematic working of the various organs of an organism (plants or animals) producing a proper response to the stimulus is called co-ordination.
➩ Coordination in Plants
☛ Not so elaborate, controlled by phytohormones and external stimulus.
☛ Phytohormones
☛ Control and coordination in plants is done by phytohormones.
☛☛ They are naturally occurring chemical substances which control one or other aspect of growth.
☛ Auxin – Cell enlargement and differentiation.
☛ Gibberellins – In presence of auxin, promotes cell enlargement and differentiation.
☛ Cytokinins – Promotes cell division, opening of stomata, etc.
☛ Abscisic acid – Closing of stomata, wilting and falling of leaves, etc.
➩ Tropic Movements
☛ Directional plant growth movement in response to an external stimulus.
☛ Growth of a plant may be towards the stimulus (positive tropism) or away from it (negative tropism).
☛ Phototropism – movement in response to light.
☛ Chemotropism – in response to chemicals.
☛ Hydrotropism – in response to water.
☛ Geotropism – in response to gravity.
➩ Nastic Movements
☛ Non-directional movement of a plant part in response to an external stimulus.
☛ May or may not be a growth movement.
☛ All parts of the organ of a plant are affected equally irrespective of the direction of the stimulus.
☛ Thigmonasty – Nastic movement in response to touch of an object.
☛ Photonasty – Nastic movement in response to light.
➩ Coordination in Animals
☛ Elaborate, very complex and is controlled by neuroendocrine system.
☛ Endocrine (chemical) Coordination
☛ Consists of hormones (chemical messengers) regulating biological processes and secreted by endocrine glands.
☛ Homeostasis is maintained by hormones by their integrated action and feedback control.
➩ Nervous Coordination
☛ Neuron forms the fundamental unit.
☛ Sensory neurons in sense organs receive stimulus and transmit impulses to CNS.
☛ Motor neurons transmit impulses from CNS to effectors.
☛ Relay or connector neurons serve as links between sensory and motor neurons.
➩Nervous System (Human)
☛ CNS – Consists of brain and spinal cord.
☛ Brain – Controls various voluntary (walking, riding, running, etc.) and involuntary actions (sneezing, coughing, etc.).
☛ Also controls thinking, reasoning, and intelligence.
☛ Spinal Cord – Controls reflex action.
☛ PNS – Consists of cranial nerves (12 pairs) and spinal nerves (31 pairs).
☛ ANS – Two set of nerves (parasympathetic and sympathetic) supplying visceral organs which are antagonistic to each other.
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