Life process online mcq quiz
Life process boostup points
➦ Life processes
★ Constantly exhibit the functions of maintenance and repair in living organisms
★ Some Examples- Digestion, Respiration, Circulation etc.
➦Nutrition
★ Process of obtaining nutrients from the environment i.e. intake of food and then its digestion in the body.
★ Two types – Autotrophic (self-sufficient for food) and Heterotrophic (dependent on others for food).
➦ Autotrophic nutrition
★ Synthesis of food by photosynthesis- ‘photo’ means light and ‘synthesis’ means production. It is the production of food with the help of sunlight.
★ Photosynthesis equation-
6CO2+6H2O give C6H12O6+6O2
➦Events of photosynthesis are as follows:
★ Absorption of light energy chlorophyll which is the green pigment and gives energy for activation of reaction.
★ Then the splitting of water into its constituent’s hydrogen and oxygen leading to the synthesis of ATP and NADPH2 and finally reduction of CO2 to carbohydrates.
➦ Heterotrophic nutrition
★ Generally take up energy from plants and animals by using them as food.
★ Mostly of three types—holozoic, parasitic, and saprophytic.
★ Digestion- mechanical and chemical reduction of ingested nutrients which can be then converted to energy for use.
★ Human digestive system- consists of the long alimentary canal that includes mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum and anus.
★ Organs for assistance- pancreas, liver
➦ Nutrition in humans:
★ Saliva is secreted by salivary glands located under the tongue which contains digestive enzymes like salivary amylase, which break down starch into sugar.
★ So, digestion of carbohydrates starts in the mouth itself.
★ Tongue helps in chewing, moistening, rolling and swallowing of food.
★ The food from mouth then goes down the oesophagus, which is the food pipe to the stomach, through the movement of walls of oesophagus (peristalsis)
★ Stomach mixes the food hence received with various digestive juices.
Inner lining of stomach secretes:
★Mucus – protects the lining of stomach from being corroded by theacid.
★ Hydrochloric acid – creates an acidic medium and dissolves bits of food.
★ Digestive juices – break down protein into simpler substances.
★ The food from stomach eventually moves into the small intestine.
➦ Digestion in small intestine:
★ It is the longest part (about 7.5 m long) of alimentary canal.
★ It is the site where complete digestion of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats takes place.
★ It gets intestinal juices from two different glands – liver and pancreas that help in the further digestion of food.
★ Liver is the largest gland of the body and secretes bile juice.
★ Bile juice is stored in the gall bladder and has a significant role in the digestion of fats.
★ Pancreas has enzymes that help in total digestion of all food components.
★ The digestive tract and associated glands together constitute the digestive system.
➦ Respiration
★ It is controlled by enzymes and energy is released from the breakdown of organic
substances. It is of two types that are aerobic and anaerobic
1. Aerobic respiration
★ Oxidation of food materials by oxygen
★ Produces 36 ATP
★ The steps followed in cellular respiration
★ First step is breakdown of glucose (6C) into pyruvates (3C) in the cytoplasm
★ Second step- Pyruvate is then broken down to CO2 and water and it takes place in the mitochondria where energy is produced in ATP form.
2. Anaerobic respiration
★ It is the Oxidation of nutrients without using up the molecular oxygen
★ It gives 2 ATPs.
★ First step- glycolysis in cytoplasm, 2 pyruvate produced
★ Second step is the break down of pyruvic acid into ethanol and water and energy (in yeast) and lactic acid and energy (in muscle cells)
➦ Human respiration
★ It consists of the nose, pharynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles and alveoli.
★ Bronchioles then divide into many alveoli which are sites of gaseous exchange.
★ O2 present in alveolar blood vessels is then transported to various cells of the body.
★ Hemoglobin pigment present in blood is majorly responsible for transportation of carbon dioxide and oxygen.
➦ Transportation
First and foremost things, a liquid medium is required always for transportation.
➦ Transportation in humans
★ Double circulation occurs in human beings i.e. the blood goes through the heart twice during each cardiac cycle.
★ Blood and lymph are both involved in transportation
★ Components of blood are RBCs, WBCs, platelets, and plasma.
★ Three types of blood vessels are arteries, veins and capillaries.
★ Arteries carry oxygenated blood in them, except one that is pulmonary artery
★ Veins carry deoxygenated blood in them, except pulmonary vein
★ The Human heart is divided into four chambers – right auricle, right ventricle, left auricle, and left ventricle.
★ The Right side of the heart gets deoxygenated blood from different cells of the body
★ The Left side of the heart receives oxygenated blood from lungs.
➦ Transportation in plants
★ Transportation of water is through xylem tissues
★ Transport of water occurs due to transpiration pull, root pressure and difference in pressure gradient.
★ Transport of food or translocation takes place through phloem and it requires energy.
➦ Excretion
It involves the removal of harmful metabolic wastes from the body of organisms by
various processes.
➦ Excretion in humans
★ The excretory system consists of- a pair of kidneys, a pair of ureters, a urinary bladder, and a urethra.
★ Nitrogenous wastes such as urea and uric acid are removed
★ Nephron- basic filtration unit
★ Main components of the nephron - glomerulus, Bowman’s capsule, renal tube
★ The process of Removing of nitrogenous wastes through artificial kidney is called dialysis.
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3 Comments
Very nice, the information given is also good and the quiz is very helpful to revise the chapter.
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ReplyDeleteThanks to the creator 👍
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