Management of Natural Resources online mcq quiz
Management of Natural Resources boostup points
➤ Natural resources include total natural environment that support human life and contribute to the production of necessities and comforts to mankind.
➤ So natural resources are the components of atmosphere, hydrosphere and lithosphere.
➤ On the basis of abundance and availability, the natural resources are of two types:
↬Inexhaustible
› These are in plenty and cannot be exhausted by man’s consumption e.g., air, sand, clay etc., affected by over-population of mankind.
↬ Exhaustible
› These are limited and can get exhausted over a period of time. i.e., coal, petroleum etc.
➤ Management of Natural Resources
› A system of controlling the use of natural resources in such a way as to avoid their wastage and to use them in the most effective way is called management of natural resources.
↬ We need to manage our natural resources because of the following reasons:
› The resources of the earth are limited. Because of the rapid increase in human population, the demand for resources is increasing day by day.
› The proper management can ensure that the natural resources are used judiciously so that they fulfill the needs of present generation and also last for the generations to come.
› The proper management of natural resources takes into consideration long-term perspective (or view) and prevents their exploitation to hilt for short-term gains.
› The proper management can ensure equitable distribution of natural resources so that all the people can benefit from the development of these resources.
› The proper management will take into consideration the damage caused to the environment during the ‘extraction’ or ‘use’ of the natural resources and find ways and means to minimize this damage.
➤ Conservation of Wildlife
› It is very important to conserve wild-life to maintain the ecological balance in nature
and to preserve the gene pool.
↬ Some of the measures (or steps) to be taken for the conservation of wildlife are
given below:
› Laws should be made to impose a total ban on the poaching (killing) or capturing of any animal or bird belonging to an endangered species.
› The poaching of an endangered species of animals and birds should be made a punishable offence.
› Such laws should not remain on paper only, they should be enforced strictly.
› The natural habitats of wild animals and birds should be preserved by establishing National Parks and sanctuaries throughout the country.
› The government Department connected with the conservation of wildlife should conduct a periodic survey in all the forests, National parks and Sanctuaries to have knowledge of the population of all species of wild animals and birds, so that these animals can be helped in the times of distress like floods and famines.
› Special attention should be paid to the conservation of endangered species of wild animals and birds to prevent their extinction altogether.
› The unauthorized felling (cutting) of forest trees for timber trade and fuel-wood should be curbed (stopped) immediately.
› This is because depletion of forests destroys the natural habitat of wild animals and birds, and exposed them to the cruelty of man as well as nature.
› In the case of Government authorized felling of forest trees, for every acre of forest cut down, an equal area of land should be planted with saplings of trees to make up for the loss in the long run.
➤Advantages of Dams:
› Water from a dam is used for irrigation in fields through a network of canals.
› Dams ensure round the year water supply to the crop fields and help raise agricultural production.
› Water from a dam is supplied to the people in towns and cities through pipelines after suitable treatment.
› In this way, construction of dams ensures continuous water supply in the region.
› The falling water (or flowing water) from the dam is used for generating electricity.
›The water rushing down the dam turns turbines which run electric generators.
➤ Disadvantages of Dams:
↬ Social problems
› Due to the construction of high-rise dams, a large number of human settlements (or villages) are submerged in the water of large reservoir formed by the dam and many people are rendered homeless.
↬ Environmental Problems
› The construction of high –rise dams on the rivers contributes to deforestation and loss of biodiversity.
› This is because a vast variety of flora and fauna (plants and animals) get submerged in the water of large reservoir formed by the dam and disturb the ecological balance.
↬ Economic Problems
› Some people say that the construction of high-rise dams involves the spending of huge amount of public money without the generation of proportionate benefits.
➤ Forests:
› Forests are important renewable natural resources dominated mainly by trees forming a sort of canopy they are essential for ecological balance of all ecosystems.
› They maintain biological diversity, prevent floods and safeguard future of tribal.
› The forests cover a wide range of life forms including bacteria, fungi, ferns, gymnosperms, flowering plants, nematodes, insects, birds, reptiles and mammals.
› They need conservation in order to preserve the biodiversity we have inherited.
› Various studies have shown that a loss of diversity may lead to a loss of ecological stability.
➤ Conservation of Forests
› Conservation is protection, augmentation and scientific management of resources so as to maintain them at their optimum level providing benefit to the present as well as future generations.
› Forests and regulative properties
➤ Afforestation
› It is growing of forests on unprotected barren lands.
› Van Mahotsava is a tree plantation movement carried out twice a year (February and July) by both government and voluntary agencies.
➤ Reforestation
› It is developing forest cover in the area which has been damaged or cleared during exploitation.
› Useful plants required by industry should be planted separately preferably on waste land.
› Growing industry required plants is called production plantation.
› Grazing: Grazing should be regulated according to the availability of pasturage.
➤ Sustained Yield Block Cutting
› A forest is divided into a number of blocks depending upon the period required by forest trees to mature.
› In one year trees of one block are felled.
› The block is reforested immediately.
› In this way annual deforestation is compensated by annual reforestation.
› The forest is conserved indefinitely and provides sustained yield.
➤ Effects of Deforestation:
› Removal, decrease or deterioration of the forest cover of an area is called deforestation.
› Soil Erosion
› Removal of plant cover exposes the fertile soil to wind and water.
↬ Desertification
› Removal of forest cover in the plains makes the area dry.
› In hot season, the soil becomes loose.
› Air currents take away the fine soil particles leaving behind sand.
↬ Floods
› In rainy season many temporary rivulets are formed due to loss of absorption capacity by unprotected soil. The rivulets produce floods in low land causing loss to agriculture, property and life.
› Destruction of wildlife Deforestation leads to destruction of natural habitats of wild animals and plants. Wildlife is, therefore, destroyed.
↬Climatic changes
› In the absence of forest cover, the summer becomes hotter while the winters become extra cool.
› The frequency of rainfall decreases.
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